Now if faith is so vitally important, if it is an
indispensable must in our pursuit of God, it is perfectly natural that we
should be deeply concerned over whether or not we possess this most precious
gift. And our minds being what they are,
it is inevitable that sooner or later we should get around to inquiring after
the nature of faith. “What is faith?” would lie close to the question “do I
have faith?”and would demand an answer if it were anywhere to be found.
Almost all who preach or write on the subject of
faith have much the same things to say concerning it. They tell us that it is
believing a promise, that it is taking God at His word, that it is reckoning
the Bible to be true and stepping out upon it. The rest of the book or sermon
is usually taken up with stories of persons who have had their prayers answered
as a result of their faith. These answers are mostly direct gifts of a
practical and temporal nature such as health, money, physical protection or
success in business. Or if the teacher is of a philosophic turn of mind he may
take another course and lose us in a welter of metaphysics or snow us under
with psychological jargon as he defines and re-defines, paring the slender hair
of faith thinner and thinner till it disappears in gossamer shavings at last.
When he is finished we get up disappointed and go out “by that same door where
in we went.” Surely there must be something better than this.
In the Scriptures there is
practically no effort made to define faith. Outside of a brief fourteen word definition
in Hebrews 11:1, I know of no Biblical definition, and even there faith is
defined functionally, not philosophically; that is, it is a statement of what
faith is in operation, not what it is in essence. It assumes the presence of
faith and shows what it results in, rather than what it is. We will be wise to
go just that far and attempt to go no further. We are told from whence it comes
and by what means: “Faith is a gift of God,” and “Faith cometh by hearing, and
hearing by the word of God.” This much is clear, and, to paraphrase Thomas a
Kempis, “I had rather exercise faith than know the definition thereof.”
From here on, when the words
“faith is” or their equivalent occur in this chapter I ask that they be
understood to refer to what faith is in operation as exercised by a believing
man. Right here we drop the notion of definition and think about faith as it
may be experienced in action. The complexion of our thoughts will be practical,
not theoretical.
In a dramatic story in the Book
of Numbers faith is seen in action. Israel became discouraged and spoke against God, and the
Lord sent fiery serpents among them. “And they bit the people; and much people
of Israel died.” Then Moses sought the Lord for them and He heard and gave them
a remedy against the bite of the serpents. He commanded Moses to make a serpent
of brass and put it upon a pole in sight of all the people, “and it shall come
to pass, that everyone that is bitten, when he looketh upon it, shall live.”
Moses obeyed, “and it came to pass, that if a serpent had bitten any man, when
he beheld the serpent of brass, he lived” (Num 21:4-9).
In the New Testament this
important bit of history is interpreted for us by no less an authority than our
Lord Jesus Christ Himself. He is explaining to His hearers how they may be
saved. He tells them that it is by believing. Then to make it clear He refers
to this incident in the Book of Numbers.
“As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son
of man be lifted up: that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but
have eternal life” (John 3:14-15).
Our plain man in reading this
would make an important discovery. He would notice that “look” and “believe”
were synonymous terms. “Looking” on the Old Testament serpent is identical with
“believing” on the New Testament Christ. That is, the looking and the believing
are the same thing. And he would
understand that while Israel looked with their external eyes, believing is done
with the heart. I think he would conclude that faith is the gaze of a soul upon
a saving God.
When he had seen this he would
remember passages he had read before, and their meaning would come flooding
over him. “They looked unto him, and were lightened: and their faces were not ashamed”
(Ps.34:5). “Unto thee lift I up mine eyes, O thou that dwellest in the heavens.
Behold, as the eyes of servants look unto the hand of their masters, and as the
eyes of a maiden unto the hand of her mistress; so our eyes wait upon the Lord
our God, until that he have mercy upon us” (Ps.123:1-2). Here the man seeking
mercy looks straight at the God of mercy and never takes his eyes away from Him
till mercy is granted. And our Lord Himself looked always at God. “Looking up
to heaven he blessed, and brake, and gave the bread to his disciples”
(Matt.14:19). Indeed Jesus taught that He wrought His works by always keeping
His inward eyes upon His Father. His power lay in His continuous look at God
(John 5:19-21).
In full accord with the few texts
we have quoted is the whole tenor of the inspired Word. It is summed up for us
in the Hebrew epistle when we are instructed to run life’s race “looking unto
Jesus the author and finisher of our faith.” From all this we learn that faith
is not a once-done act, but a continuous gaze of the heart at the Triune God.
Believing, then, is directing the
heart’s attention to Jesus. It is lifting the mind to “behold the Lamb of God,” and never ceasing
that heholding for the rest of our lives. At first this may be difficult,but it
becomes easier as we look steadily at His wondrous Person, quietly and without
strain. Distractions may hinder, but
once the heart is committed to Him, after each brief excursion away from Him
the attention will return again and rest upon Him like a wandering bird coming
back to its window. – A.W. Tozer, in Chapter 7, “The Gaze of the Soul"